Most countries are involved in some form of espionage, but may differ in scale, says former director of government cybersecurity operations at Government Technology Agency of Singapore (GovTech) Ian Loe. This comes amid accusations from the United Kingdom, United States and New Zealand that Beijing-backed cyber groups were behind a series of attacks on lawmakers and key democratic institutions. Mr Loe tells CNA’s Asia Now that believing that countries do not participate in such acts is “naive thinking”.

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